الفرق بين المرض النفسى والعرض النفسى

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الفرق بين المرض النفسي والعرض النفسي
يخلط الكثير من الاشخاص بين المرض النفسي والعرض النفسي وعندما يشاهدون شخصا مريضا نفسيا لديه اعرض واضحة لمرضه فيقومون بمقارنة بما لدى هذا المريض ما يشعرون به وربما هناك بعض الحالات تكون لديهم مشابه للحالات التي اصيب بها المريض النفسي او انهم يقومون بالقراءة في بعض الكتب النفسية والتي تهتم بتصنيف الامراض النفسية (والذي من المفترض عدم قراءتها لغير المتخصصين )وعندما يقرأ فيه عن مرض معين يشعر بانه مصاب بهذا المرض لقرب الاعراض منه ويسبب له ذلك احباط واحيانا يركز على الاعراض حتى يصبح مريضا بهذا المرض
رغم انه كان صحيحا معافا كما انني ارى البعض يقوم بطرح مواضيع عن تصنيف الامراض النفسية في كثير من المنتديات وكأن الموضوع موضوع ثقافي ولا يعلم انه قد يؤدي الى تدهور حياة بعض الاخرين بدون قصد ولخطورة الامر احببت ان اوضح الفرق بين المرض النفسي والعرض النفسي لوقاية الكثير من الاشخاص من الوقوع في شراك المرض النفسي .
المرض النفسي :
بمعنى بسيط وبعيد عن المصطلحات العلمية هي حالة يصاب بها الشخص وتستمر معه فترات طويلة اذا لم يقم بعلاجها كما انها تنغص عليه حياته ولا يستطيع معها العيش بسعادة مثل حالة الاكتئاب فهي حالة حزن متفاوتة ومستمر ة تنغص علي الشخص حياته وطبعا يختلف هذا الشعور باختلاف المرض ودرجته فمثلا مرض الهوس هو بمعنى بسيط هو نوبات من الضحك او الفرح او البكاء بدون سبب ومتناقض مع الموقف فالشخص الذي يضحك في عزاء او حادث أليم قد يكون مصاب بهذا المرض
العرض النفسي:
هي حالة عابرة يمر بها الشخص ولا تستمر معه وتكون وقتية ويعود السبب فيه اما لاختلال بسيط في احد مكونات الجهاز العصبي ويستقر بعد ذلك مثال: مررنا في بعض الاحيان بلحظات من الفرح لا ندري ما هو السبب لكنها فترة بسيطة وذهبت وكذلك مررنا بحالات من الحزن او الرغبة في البكاء بدون ما نعرف السبب فهذا لا يدل على اننا مصابين بمرض الهوس او الاكتئاب فالمسألة هنا مسألة وقتية وبعدها نمارس حياتنا بكل سعادة واتزان ونتفاعل مع المواقف بكل توافق واستقرار ولا يمكن لاي شخص ان يشخص نفسه تبعا لما يقرأه او يشاهده وانما يحتاج الى متخصص لذلك حتى الاخصائي النفسي والطبيب النفسي الصادق والمخلص في عمله لا يستطيع تشخيص كثير من الحالات المرضية في اول جلسة يجلسها مع المريض ولكن قد تستمر عدة جلسات للتشخيص فقط قبل العلاج ويستخدم فيها عدة طرق مثل المقاييس النفسية والفحوصات وغيرها مما يساعده في التشخيص الدقيق .
لذلك اتمنى من الجميع الشعور بالرضا عن حياتهم ولا يقارنون انفسهم بغيرهم من اخواننا المرضى او يطبقوا شيئا مما ذكرنا على انفسهم ليعشوا الصحة النفسية السليمة ان شاء الله
اتمنى ان يكون الموضوع واضح للجميع

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ما تفضلتم به بلغة مختلفة ولكنها بسيطة وسهلة
ولتحميل بصيغة الووورد متاح

Psychological Disorders

Psychological behaviors
run a continuum from very mild to extreme. Everyone has these
behaviors to one degree or another. It is not until a behavior
or feeling interferes with your quality of life that they become a disorder.

[b]Psychological Order[

Self-acceptance: understanding
yourself and accepting the good and bad parts of yourself.

Positive relationships
with others: ability to form good trusting interpersonal relationships.

Autonomy: self-controlled
and able to resist peer pressure.

[b][b]Psychological Order[/b]

Environmental masters:
internal locus of control; master of your domain.

Purpose in life: goals
and sense of direction; not diffused.

Personal Growth: see yourself
growing and expanding; self knowledge; self actualization.

[b]Psychological Disorders are:[/b]

Atypical, disturbing, maladaptive,
and unjustifiable behavior.

[b]Psychological Disorders: Causes[/b]

Are not usually caused
by a single factor. The medical model is probably not correct where
you can take a pill to rid yourself of a disorder.

The bio-psycho-social
school most disorders are caused by a biological predisposition, physiological
state, psychological dynamics, and social circumstances.

Defining Disorders

DSM IV-Diagnostic and
statistical manual vol. 4.: attempts to describe psychological disorders,
without explaining the causes, predicts the future course, and suggests
treatments.

Categorizes 230 disorders,
in 17 categories.

Dangers of labeling

Labeling someone with
a disorder can create self-fulfilling prophesies, where the label creates
the behavior. Also, if a professional hears a persons
“has” a disorder, they may look back at that person’s history
and see things that “caused” those behaviors, which might not be
accurate.

Anxiety Disorders

General anxiety disorder:
Persistent symptoms of an excited sympathetic, nervous system: sweating,
heart racing, dizziness, shaky accompanied by persistent negative feelings
and fear…not triggered by specific events.

Anxiety Disorders

Panic disorder: unpredictable,
minutes long intense anxiety attack, as if you're going to be killed
any second, but no specific, real threat is apparent.

Phobias: persistent,
irrational fear of a specific object of situation. Very common.
Spiders, snakes, heights, water, enclosed spaces are all very common
phobias.

Anxiety Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder:

Obsessions: intrusive
thoughts or fears.

Compulsions: repetitive
behaviors that sooth the fears

Different perspectives would ascribe
different causes:

Psychoanalytic: repressed
feelings during childhood symbolized by trigger.

Behavioral: learned
fear, which has been reinforced, or social learning, imitating others
who has fear like parents. May be generalized from other learned
experiences: one dog to all dogs.

Biological: predisposed
genetically to be afraid of things that can cause death: snakes, spiders,
height, enclosed places, disease.

Post Traumatic Stress disorder

Caused by prolonged or
intensely stressful situations, like war or rape. Symptoms: difficulty
sleeping, nightmares; anxiety attacks or GAD; intrusive memories; Guilt
associated with event;

Some psychologists dismiss
this disorder pointing to those who do not get it after experiencing
similar trauma. That probably has more to do with biological predisposition
than to lack of evidence that PTSD existence.

Mood Disorders

Major, clinical depression;
dysthimic depression; bipolar disorder. Mood disorders are the
most common psychological disorders: called the common cold of disorders.
Depression among the young is on the rise: more diagnosis or more cases?

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder:
two or more weeks of depressed mood, intense feelings of worthlessness
and hopelessness; and diminished interest in things that were once considered
pleasurable. People feel like they are in a deep black hole with
no way to get out. The hopeless feeling often prevents them from
seeing any reason to try to get out. Very dangerous illness.

Symptoms

Symptoms include: discouraging
feelings about the future; life dissatisfaction; isolation from others;
difficulty sleeping or sleeping a lot; inability to concentrate; lethargy;
feelings of worthlessness; loss of interest in friends or family activities.

Dysthmic depression

Dysthmic depression: down
in the dumps mood that lasts from months to years; the feelings aren't
as intense, but they last longer. Difficult to detect because
of the lack of intensity but takes a large toll on body and psychology
systems.

Treatments for depression

Cognitive therapy is effective,
with antidepressants: trying to change internal sentences. Because depressed
people see the world through dark glasses, their thoughts intensify
the feelings leading to a downward spiral.

Medical: now treated with
classes of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. SSRIs. They keep serotonin
in the synapse longer, elevating mood.

Treatment for Dythmic depression

College students with
dysthmic or moderate depression responded far better to aerobics than
other treatments.

Bipolar disorder (manic-depression):

Bipolar disorder (manic-depression):
alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and over-excited
manic state.

Bipolar disorder (manic-depression):

Manic state: typically
over-talkative; overactive; little or no sleep; highly impulsive, loud,
flighty, hard to interrupt sexually less-inhibited. Grandiose
optimism and self-esteem. May be very irritable.

People then fall back
to either a normal state, or into a major depressed state

Treatment for Bipolar

Treatment: In manic state:
high levels of neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Treatment: usually with
lithium for the manic state and antidepressants for the depression.

Treatment is very effective
if patients continue using medication.

Depression Facts

Facts: Major Depression
usually lasts less than three months; may or may not return; often triggered
by stressful events, although not necessarily caused by it (biological
predisposition);

Dysthimic depression lasts
two years or longer.

Women are twice as likely
to have it than men;

Depression is a whole
body disorder with biochemical and psychological roots, therefore generally
requires both therapy and antidepressant treatment.

Depression facts.

Those who depressed often
become socially isolated as they withdraw from friends and friends withdraw
from them as their “old self” changes. The depressed person
is likely to blame themselves with negative
“self speak” which exacerbates

Schizophrenia

A group of severe psychotic
disorders characterized by disorganized thought and delusional thinking
disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions.
Onset often occurs in late adolescence's.

Delusion-irrational, unjustifiable,
usually paranoid, belief of persecution by an unseen entity.

Hallucinations: the perception
of non-existent, external stimuli, usually auditory.

Types:

Paranoid: preoccupations
with delusions and hallucinations.

Catatonic: immobility
or excessive purposeless movements.

Disorganized: disorganized
speech or behavior, inappropriate emotions. Word Salads: scrambled or
nonsensical speech.

Undifferentiated;
symptoms, but doesn't fit above models.

Types continued

Chronic: slowly develops
over time, prognosis bad.

Acute: reaction to life
stresses, quick onset, good prognosis.

Schizophrenia thinking
may be seen as an uncontrolled rapid change of selective attention,
where the mind rapidly shifts from one thought to another.

Causes

Psychology: triggering
experiences, genes predispose but some react to traumatic triggers by
developing schizophrenia. They vary.

Biochemical: 6 times the
normal amount of dopamine receptors that increase brain activity to
manic levels. Thus dopamine blockers reduce symptoms.

Causes

It is also thought to
perhaps be triggered or caused by the introduction of a prenatal virus
that affects brain development, possibly in the thalamus. People
conceived in Winter months are more apt to develop schizophrenia in
Northern hemisphere, while the reverse is true in the Southern.

Rule of Thirds

About 1/3 of people who
develop schizophrenia only have one episode, 1/3 have reoccurring episodes,
and 1/3 are chronic with unremitting symptoms.

Causes

Amphetamines and cocaine
sometimes intensify symptoms. Dopamine is also associated with physical
movement, disruption of is associated with schizophrenia.

Brain anatomy: they have
abnormal brain tissue, low frontal lobe activity.

Thalamus react smaller
than normal and is reactive that may cause brain over stimulization.

People exposed to certain
flu viruses during prenatal development have higher incidences.

Genetic factors

Definite genetic link:
the closer you are genetically to someone with Schizophrenia, the more
likely you are to get it.

1 in 100 people get it.

1 in 10 of siblings

1 in 2 identical twins,
even if raised apart

Dissociate Disorders

Dissociation is the feeling
that you are outside of yourself, looking at yourself. That you’re
mind is separate from body. Person have separated parts of their personality
or memory for consciousness.

Dissociative Identity disorder:
Multiple Personality Disorder

This is a disorder wherein
your mind partitions itself into two or more distinct personalities
that may or may not know about each other. One
“personality” emerges to handle stressful situations that the whole
psyche or other parts cannot handle.

Caused by traumatic event
or events where the mind represses parts of itself that can’t handle
the pain. Repressed from a psychoanalytical point of view.

Dissociative Personality Disorder

Skeptics believe that
people or either lying, are fantasy-prone, or have had this disorder
suggested to them by therapists.

It only seems to occur
in places, like here, where people know about it through books like
the Sybil and the Three Faces of Eve.

Dissociative Amnesia

Selective memory loss
of a specific traumatic event. The amnesia vanishes are
abruptly as it begins and rarely reoccurs.

Dissociative Fugue

This type of dissociation
the person just leaves their home and starts on new life, with no memory
of their past life. The memory my reoccur and the person may return
home, only to leave again.

Personality Disorders

Personality consists of
enduring traits or characteristics…so personality disorders are persistent
traits or characteristics that are atypical, disturbing, maladaptive
and unjustified.

Prognosis for treatment
for many is not very good.

Personality Disorders

Antisocial: most common,
person has no conscience. Lacks a sense of wrongdoing, even toward friends
or family members.

Usually a man thing.

Usually emerges before
15

Person may be aggressive
and/or ruthless. Deceiving or conning others or be aggressive sexually
with no remorse. Psycopaths, serial killers, sociopaths.

Personality Disorders

Histrionic: displays shallow,
attention-getting behaviors, feeling uncomfortable when not the center
of attention.

Acting in an aggressive,
sexual way that makes others uncomfortable.

Rapid shifting of emotions.
Dressing provocatively to gain attention, speaks in dramatic tones.

Personality Disorders

Narcissistic: Preoccupied
with themselves and an exaggerated sense of their own importance.

Personality Disorders

Borderline: unstable sense
of self; rapidly changing affect; will be clingy one minute and then
hostile the next; try to pull people close and then do things to drive
them away; very manipulative to gain attention; unstable relationships;
Very poor prognosis for recovery, so therapists won’t even treat
them.

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